What is the 2-em rule in Harvard referencing?
The 2-em rule
The 2-em rule is used to avoid repeating an author's name when more than one work by the same author is listed in the reference list (Style manual 2002, p. 107):
Campbell, JY & Shiller, RJ 1987, 'Cointegration and tests of present value
models', Journal of political economy, vol. 95, no.5, pp. 1062-88.
—— 1988a, 'The dividend-price ratio and expectations of future dividends
and discount factors', Review of financial studies, vol. 1, no. 3,
pp. 195-228.
—— 1988b, 'Stock prices, earnings, and expected dividends', The Journal
of Finance, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 661-76.
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